GNOSI: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Human Theory and Praxis

Impact of E-Assessments on the Attitudes and Academic Achievements of Saudi EFL Learners in a Grammar and Vocabulary Test

Abdullahi Salisu KADEMI — Thu, 11 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigated the impact of electronic assessments (e-assessments) on the academic achievements of Saudi EFL learners. It also examined their attitudes towards e-assessments and the use of Blackboard for testing. The sample was drawn from the population of preparatory year EFL students at Jubail English Language and Preparatory Year Institute (JELPYI) in Saudi Arabia in 2022–23 academic session. The study adopted a sequential explanatory mixed-methods research design. Quantitative data were collected through a knowledge test and two surveys, while qualitative data were collected via semi-structured interviews. Participants were divided into two groups: the experimental (n = 42), which had access to electronic exercises, worksheets, and assessments via Blackboard, and the control (n = 34), which had access to the same kinds of resources in paper-based formats. It was hypothesised that the experimental group participants would have higher achievements in a post-test and more favourable Blackboard and e-assessment attitudes than those in the control group. After establishing that the two groups were somewhat homogeneous in their academic achievements prior to the treatment, post-test results showed that the experimental group had a statistically significantly higher mean score than the control group, t(74) = 6.235, p =.001. It was also found that the participants had mixed reactions regarding e-assessments and using Blackboard for taking tests, with the experimental group exhibiting more favourable attitudes than the control group. The qualitative findings corroborated the quantitative ones. The study recommended that educational administrators promote technology integration in the classroom due to its immense pedagogical benefits and that teachers incorporate technology to meet the expectations of their digital native students.

Trends and Dynamics of Indigene/Settler Conflicts in Plateau State, 1994-2010

Anthony Imeh UMOH , Barinaadaa NWINKOL — Thu, 11 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Plateau State is a vibrant mosaic of diverse ethnic, linguistic, and cultural communities. It boasts one of Nigeria's highest concentrations of ethnic minorities, with over fifty-eight distinct groups residing within its borders. Since Nigeria's return to democracy in 1999, the state has faced significant challenges in managing the complexities of indigene/settler dynamics and ethno-religious conflicts. While ethnic groups from various parts of Nigeria also live in Plateau State, the recurrent violent conflicts predominantly involve Hausa/Fulani settlers and the indigenous tribes. This paper delves into the patterns and intricacies of indigene/settler conflicts in Plateau State, analyzing their zero-sum nature where one group's gain is perceived as another's loss. It argues that the complexity of these conflicts is exacerbated by multiple interwoven factors, including ethnicity, religion, competition for scarce resources, and struggles for political and economic dominance. These factors collectively create a volatile environment, making conflict resolution particularly challenging. The study concludes that these persistent negative trends and dynamics have severely undermined the dividends of democracy in Plateau State. The ongoing conflicts have resulted in significant loss of life and property, leaving many homeless and exacerbating the socio-economic challenges faced by the state. This paper aims to shed light on the urgent need for comprehensive conflict management strategies to foster lasting peace and development in Plateau State.

Mr Factors affecting EFL students' inaccurate pronunciation: The case of Nampula Secondary School, 12th grade

Realito Adamugy Ussene MOMADE — Thu, 11 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study entitled "Factors affecting EFL students' inaccurate pronunciation" was conducted at Nampula Secondary School. Its purpose was to analyse the factors that contribute to EFL learners' incorrect pronunciation. The study employed a qualitative approach and used a case study as the research method. The participants included 10 students and one English language teacher. Data collection involved interviews and observations of the teachers, while students were only interviewed. The findings revealed that several factors contribute to EFL students' inaccurate pronunciation, such as lack of interest in learning the target language, interference from their mother tongue, lack of practice and knowledge, as well as inadequate teaching methodologies and resources. The study recommends that the government should provide public schools with language materials, hire qualified teachers specializing in pronunciation techniques, and encourage teachers to incorporate pronunciation content in their lesson plans. Additionally, students are advised to actively engage in practicing pronunciation both inside and outside of the classroom, taking responsibility for their own learning.

Exploring the Interplay of Leadership, Work Environment, and Teacher Performance: Insights from Madrasah Aliyah in Soppeng Regency

NURAHMI , Abdul Rahman MUS, Baharuddin SEMMAILA, Ahmad HAKIM, Reza Aril AHRI — Thu, 01 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The current era of globalization is characterized by very sharp and tight competition, where every organization tries and competes in competition to achieve the best, by organizing all existing systems so that they can play their proper role. Research Objectives: 1. to analyze the influence of leadership and Work Environment on the job satisfaction of Madrasah Aliyah teachers in Soppeng district 2. To analyze the influence of leadership and environment on the work performance of Madrasah Aliyah teachers in Soppeng district 3. To analyze the influence of job satisfaction on the work performance of Madrasah Aliyah teachers in Soppeng district. Quantitative research approach. The population was 211 madrasa teachers and the sample was 138 madrasa teachers. The data collection method uses a questionnaire. The sample collection method is by percentage sampling. The analysis method uses Multiple Linear Regression. The results of the research show that: (1) leadership and the work environment have a joint effect on the job satisfaction of Madrasah Aliyah teachers in Soppeng district 2. Leadership and the work environment have a joint effect on the performance of Madrasah Aliyah teachers in Soppeng district 3. Partially, leadership has no significant effect on job satisfaction of Madrasah Aliyah teachers in Soppeng district 4. Partially leadership has no significant effect on the work performance of Madrasah Aliyah teachers in Soppeng district 5. Job satisfaction has an effect on the performance of Madrasah Aliyah teachers in Soppeng district.

Evaluating Government Image Management Strategies: Perceptions of Uyo Residents in Akwa Ibom State

Ediomi Udo-Joe NTUK, Philomena Effiong UMOREN, Aniekeme IKON — Thu, 01 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study examined Image management Strategies and Uyo residents’ perceptions of the reputation of the government of Akwa Ibom State. This study is anchored on the Social Construction of Reality Theory by Berger and Luckman in 1966. The research design employed for this study is a survey research design using interviews and questionnaires as the research instruments. The study adopted the convenience cluster sampling method, where clusters were then randomly sampled based on the population of the study; hence, 380 respondents were sampled for this study. The questionnaire was adopted as the sole instrument of data collection, and copies were administered, filled out, and retrieved by the researcher. The data collected were analyzed using frequencies and percentages, and the test of hypotheses was carried out using the Spearman correlation technique. The study found that 33% of the respondents agreed that social media presence and engagement, public relations campaigns and events, stakeholder and community engagement, crisis communication, and management were image management strategies employed by the Akwa Ibom State Government. Nearly half (48%) of the respondents expressed that the image management strategies employed by the Akwa Ibom State government were "very effective" in managing the government's image. An additional 39% of respondents perceived these strategies as "effective." The majority of respondents (87%) had a positive perception of the effectiveness of the image management strategies adopted by the state government. This study recommends that the government should take note of the perception of its reputation in the eyes of its citizens. Addressing these perceptions and increasing awareness among those who are unaware could help strengthen the government's reputation management efforts and enhance its overall image.

The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Economic Growth and Development in Nigeria: Prospects, Challenges, and Policy Implications

Benjamin Okezie KALU, Amarachukwu IJIOMAH — Mon, 23 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has long been viewed as a vital component of economic growth in developing countries, particularly in Nigeria, Africa's largest economy. This paper explores the complex relationship between FDI and Nigeria's economic development, highlighting both the potential benefits and challenges. FDI contributes capital, technology transfer, and expertise, which can diversify the economy and create employment. However, it also poses risks such as capital flight, environmental degradation, and cultural homogenization. Using empirical studies and case analyses, the paper examines the determinants of FDI inflows and outflows, the role of institutional and legal frameworks, and the impact of foreign capital on Nigeria’s economic trajectory. Additionally, the research outlines the critical challenges, including corruption, infrastructure deficits, and regulatory hurdles, while offering insights into policy strategies aimed at optimizing FDI for sustainable growth.

The Evolution of Diplomatic Immunity: A Jurisprudential Analysis

Joseph Abang ODOK, Miebaka NABIEBU — Tue, 08 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The concept of diplomatic immunity has evolved over centuries as an essential element of international relations, safeguarding diplomats and envoys to facilitate peaceful interactions between states. This research explores the historical development of diplomatic immunity, from its rudimentary beginnings in ancient civilizations to its formal codification in modern international law. Early customs and legal frameworks, such as those found in the Institutes of Manu, Homeric poetry, and Kutilya’s Arthashastra, laid the groundwork for diplomatic protection, reflecting the need to secure envoys in their duties. The study also examines the transformation of the roles and responsibilities of diplomats, from messengers to negotiators, and how the legal foundation for their immunity adapted accordingly. The codification of diplomatic immunity in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961 marked a turning point, establishing a comprehensive framework that governs diplomatic privileges and immunities. Despite its critical role in promoting international diplomacy, diplomatic immunity remains a subject of debate, particularly regarding its potential for misuse and the ongoing need to balance state sovereignty with diplomatic protections. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of the evolution, legal framework, and contemporary relevance of diplomatic immunity in international law.

The Obligations of Armed Non-State Actors during Non- International Armed Conflict- A Critical Assessment

Alex Abang EBU — Mon, 21 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article critically assesses the obligations of armed non-state actors (ANSAs) during non-international armed conflicts (NIACs), exploring the legal frameworks that govern their conduct under International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and International Human Rights Law (IHRL). It examines key responsibilities imposed on ANSAs, including the protection of civilians, humane treatment of detainees, and adherence to limitations on warfare methods. Drawing on Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II, the article delves into the specific obligations of ANSAs, highlighting their shared accountability with state actors in ensuring compliance with humanitarian principles. The discussion also addresses the challenges in enforcing these obligations and the legal implications of non-compliance by ANSAs. By linking the responsibilities of states and armed groups, the article provides a comprehensive analysis of how ANSAs are bound by international norms, particularly in the context of safeguarding civilians and adhering to lawful methods of warfare.

Evaluation of the Implications of Cultural Globalisation on African Cultural Heritage

Terfa TUGHHEMBA, Peter TARI — Tue, 29 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

A critical look at the contemporary society reveals apparent cultural diffusion as there is the fear of some cultures being annihilated or dominated by the stronger culture(s). This is most evident in language, dressing, music and dance or rather performing and non performing art, and even religion, etc. As a result, the very soul of the African identity is gradually losing its existence with the advent of globalisation. This paper examined the implications of the incursion of cultural globalisation on African cultural heritage. The study adopted qualitative research tools where data were derived from books, journal articles and the internet. The expository and analytical methods of data collection were used. The expository method presented cultural globalisation, some philosophers’ and scholars’ views on the concept of globalisation. The analytical method appraised the role cultural globalisation play on African cultural heritage and also, established the future of African cultural heritage in the age of globalisation from the eyes of a philosopher. The researcher found out that there have been positive and negative impacts of cultural globalisation on African cultural heritage. The paper therefore, recommended that, there is need for Africans to reconstruct their hitherto cherished values to make it relevant again while also retaining their Africanness. In other words, a hybrid of the more acceptable elements of both Western and African cultures should be adopted. Most importantly, recognising and inculcating the contributions of African cultural values and heritage in the mist of globalisation can lead to the development of African society.

The Influence of Innovation on the Performance of Small and Medium Manufacturing Enterprises in Tanzania

Ndahani NG`WASA, Bukaza CHACHAGE, Nasra KARA — Thu, 07 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the role of innovation in enhancing the performance of manufacturing SMEs in Tanzania, focusing on the influence of product and process innovation on market innovation and overall firm performance. As innovation becomes crucial for competitiveness, particularly in resource-constrained developing economies, this research positions it as an essential element for SMEs to adapt, differentiate, and thrive in dynamic markets. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) on survey data from 277 SME owners and managers, the study reveals that both product and process innovation significantly boost market innovation, which in turn positively impacts firm performance. These findings suggest that market innovation enhances a firm's adaptability, customer engagement, and competitive edge. The study offers empirical insights into the role of multidimensional innovation in supporting SME growth within a developing economy, emphasizing that incremental changes alone may not sustain a competitive advantage. The results underscore the importance of strategic investment in innovation capabilities across product, process, and market domains. For policymakers and SME support institutions, the study calls for initiatives that improve access to resources, training, and technology to facilitate innovation. By highlighting the link between innovation and firm performance, this research reinforces innovation as a cornerstone for sustainable SME growth, demonstrating that a comprehensive innovation strategy enables SMEs to overcome market challenges, deliver value, and achieve long-term success.

Theoretical and Practical Contributions of Wangari Maathai’s Environmental Advocacy to Communicating for Development

Samuel Ayodele OJURONGBE , M. Stella C TIROL — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The theoretical and practical contributions of Wangari Maathai’s environmental advocacy demonstrate a profound intersection between rhetoric and communication for development, yet this area remains underexplored. This study investigates how Maathai’s rhetorical strategies effectively conveyed her environmental advocacy in Kenya, providing valuable insights for the field of development communication. The study analyzed a range of her works, including speeches, lectures, and articles, using an interpretivist approach to examine the depth and nuances in her messaging. Through a detailed analysis of her rhetoric, it was found that Maathai employed a combination of classical rhetorical appeals—logos, pathos, and ethos—to frame her arguments, provide credible evidence, evoke emotional connections, and establish her authority. These appeals were strategically utilized to communicate the urgency of environmental conservation, reveal the stark realities of ecological degradation, and underscore the moral and ethical imperatives driving her advocacy. Additionally, Maathai’s use of rhetorical questions, metaphors, narratives, and biblical allusions enriched her appeals, enhancing her ability to engage and mobilize her audience. Her rhetoric also displayed characteristics traditionally associated with feminine rhetorical styles, such as sincerity and truthfulness, which helped to build trust and relatability. Personal testimonies and stories about her own experiences were particularly impactful, invoking compassion and fostering a sense of shared purpose among her listeners. The study reveals that these rhetorical techniques were powerful tools in rallying support for environmental policies, encouraging grassroots mobilization, and advancing environmental consciousness. The findings suggest that rhetoric, when strategically employed, has the potential to drive development communication efforts by mobilizing and empowering communities. This study, therefore, proposes that integrating rhetorical approaches in environmental communication and advocacy can enhance the effectiveness of messaging, policy influence, and public engagement. Theoretical and practical implications from Maathai’s approach underscore rhetoric’s capacity to strengthen communication for development, particularly in advocating for environmental change.